10-01
Gerunds
动名词💡 概念 Concept
Some verbs are always followed by the -ing form: enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, suggest, keep, practice.一些动词后永远接 -ing：enjoy、finish、mind、avoid、suggest、keep、practice。
📐 规则 Rules
常用动词
enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, suggest, keep, practice, consider + -ing
enjoy、finish、mind、avoid、suggest、keep、practice、consider + -ing
介词后
after any preposition: interested in learning, good at cooking
任何介词后：interested in learning（对学习感兴趣）、good at cooking（擅长做饭）
✏️ 例句 Examples
She enjoys reading before bed.
她喜欢睡前读书。
Would you mind closing the window?
你介意关上窗户吗？
He kept asking questions.
他不停地问问题。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ She enjoys to read → enjoy + -ing: enjoys reading.❌ enjoy 后接动名词。
❌ interested to learn → interested in learning.❌ 介词后接 -ing。
10-02
Infinitives
不定式💡 概念 Concept
Some verbs are always followed by to + base form: want, hope, decide, plan, learn, promise, agree, offer.一些动词后永远接 to + 原形：want、hope、decide、plan、learn、promise、agree、offer。
📐 规则 Rules
常用动词
want, hope, decide, plan, learn, promise, agree, offer + to + base
want、hope、decide、plan、learn、promise、agree、offer + to + 原形
疑问词+to
know/learn/decide + how/what/where + to: I know how to swim.
know/learn/decide + how/what/where + to：我知道怎么游泳。
✏️ 例句 Examples
I want to learn Spanish.
我想学西班牙语。
She decided to stay home.
她决定待在家里。
They promised to help us.
他们答应帮助我们。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I want learning → want + to: want to learn.❌ want 后接不定式。
❌ She hopes passing → hopes to pass.❌ hope 后接 to + 原形。
10-03
Gerund vs Infinitive
动名词与不定式💡 概念 Concept
Some verbs change meaning with the form: stop to smoke (stop in order to) vs stop smoking (quit); remember to do (future duty) vs remember doing (past memory); try to do (attempt) vs try doing (experiment).一些动词接不同形式含义不同：stop to smoke 停下来去抽烟 vs stop smoking 戒烟；remember to do 记得要做 vs remember doing 记得做过；try to do 尝试 vs try doing 试试看。
📐 规则 Rules
stop
stop + -ing = quit; stop + to + base = pause in order to.
stop + -ing 停止；stop + to 停下来去做。
remember/forget
+ to = duty; + -ing = memory.
接 to 表待办；接 -ing 表记忆。
try
+ to = attempt; + -ing = experiment.
接 to 表努力尝试；接 -ing 表试验方法。
✏️ 例句 Examples
I stopped smoking last year.
我去年戒烟了。
On the way home, he stopped to buy milk.
回家路上，他停下来买牛奶。
Remember to lock the door. / I remember locking the door.
记得锁门。/ 我记得锁过门。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I stopped to smoke (wrong context) → quitting means stop smoking.❌ 戒烟要说 stop smoking。
❌ Remember locking = past memory; if you mean future duty, use to lock.❌ 含义随形式变化，务必分清。
10-04
Causatives
使役结构💡 概念 Concept
make + object + base (force); let + object + base (allow); have + object + base (arrange); get + object + to + base (persuade).make + 宾语 + 原形（迫使）；let + 宾语 + 原形（允许）；have + 宾语 + 原形（安排）；get + 宾语 + to + 原形（说服）。
📐 规则 Rules
make
make + object + base: The joke made me laugh.
make + 宾语 + 原形：笑话让我笑了。
let
let + object + base: My parents let me go.
let + 宾语 + 原形：父母让我去。
have
have + object + base: I had him fix the car.
have + 宾语 + 原形：我让他修车。
get
get + object + to + base: I got her to help.
get + 宾语 + to + 原形：我说服她帮忙。
✏️ 例句 Examples
The film made me cry.
这部电影让我哭了。
She let her son play outside.
她让儿子在外面玩。
We got the waiter to bring more water.
我们让服务员多拿些水。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ make someone to do → make + base, no to.❌ make 后接原形，不加 to。
❌ get someone do → get + to + base.❌ get 后要加 to。
10-05
Preposition + Gerund
介词 + 动名词💡 概念 Concept
After every preposition, use the -ing form: interested in, good at, tired of, think about, look forward to, instead of.介词后一律用 -ing：interested in、good at、tired of、think about、look forward to、instead of。
📐 规则 Rules
介词+ing
in/at/of/about/for + -ing: She is good at drawing.
in/at/of/about/for + -ing：她擅长画画。
look forward to
to here is a preposition: I look forward to hearing from you.
look forward to 中的 to 是介词：期待你的来信。
✏️ 例句 Examples
He apologized for being late.
他为迟到道歉。
I'm thinking about moving to Hangzhou.
我在考虑搬到杭州。
She left without saying goodbye.
她没说再见就离开了。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ good at draw → good at drawing.❌ 介词后接 -ing。
❌ look forward to hear → looking forward to hearing.❌ to 是介词，后接 -ing。
10-06
Adjective Patterns
形容词搭配💡 概念 Concept
It is + adjective + to + base (It is easy to learn); subject + be + adjective + to + base (I am happy to help).It is + 形容词 + to + 原形（学起来很容易）；主语 + be + 形容词 + to + 原形（我很乐意帮忙）。
📐 规则 Rules
It is + adj + to
It is important to sleep well.
睡好觉很重要。
主语 + be + adj + to
She was surprised to see us.
看到我们她很惊讶。
✏️ 例句 Examples
It is difficult to learn a new language.
学一门新语言很难。
We are ready to start.
我们准备好开始了。
He was afraid to speak in public.
他害怕当众讲话。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ It is important sleep → to sleep.❌ 形容词后接 to + 原形。
❌ I am happy helping → with person adjectives, prefer to + base: happy to help.❌ happy to help 更常见。
10-07
Pattern Contrast
搭配对比💡 概念 Concept
The verb decides the pattern — memorize the verb + form pairs. Group by pattern: verbs + -ing, verbs + to, verbs + both, verbs + object + form.动词决定搭配形式——记住【动词 + 形式】的组合，按模式分组记忆：接 -ing、接 to、两者皆可、接宾语 + 形式。
📐 规则 Rules
接 -ing
enjoy, mind, avoid, suggest, keep, finish
enjoy、mind、avoid、suggest、keep、finish
接 to
want, hope, decide, plan, promise, agree
want、hope、decide、plan、promise、agree
宾语+原形
make, let, have
make、let、have 接宾语 + 原形
宾语+to
get, ask, tell, want
get、ask、tell、want 接宾语 + to
✏️ 例句 Examples
She suggested taking a break.
她建议休息一下。
He promised to call me.
他答应给我打电话。
They asked us to wait.
他们让我们等。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ suggest me to go → suggest going / suggest that I go.❌ suggest 不接宾语 + to。
❌ want that he comes → want him to come.❌ want 接宾语 + to。
10-08
Production and Editing
综合运用与改错💡 概念 Concept
When writing, check every verb's pattern: does it take -ing, to + base, or object + form? Fix mismatches.写作时逐一检查动词搭配：接 -ing、to + 原形，还是宾语 + 形式？修正不匹配之处。
📐 规则 Rules
查动词
For each verb, recall its pattern group before writing the next word.
写每个动词前回忆它的搭配分组。
查介词
After any preposition, the next verb must be -ing.
介词后的动词必须用 -ing。
✏️ 例句 Examples
❌ I enjoy to cook → I enjoy cooking.
❌ enjoy 接 -ing。
❌ She avoided to answer → She avoided answering.
❌ avoid 接 -ing。
✔ I decided to start learning Chinese.
✔ 我决定开始学中文。（decide + to; start + -ing）
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ He wants that I help → He wants me to help.❌ want 接宾语 + to。
❌ They made me to wait → They made me wait.❌ make 接原形，不加 to。
PR
课堂练习 Practice
选自 GramLingo 题库Q1I enjoy ___ books in my free time.
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Q2He tried ___ the heavy box but could not.
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Q3Choose the correct sentence:
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