03-01
Present Tenses
现在时💡 概念 Concept
Simple present = habits, facts, schedules. Present continuous = happening now or temporary. Present perfect = past action with present relevance (experience or result).一般现在时表习惯、事实、时刻表；现在进行时表现在正在发生或暂时状态；现在完成时表对现在有影响的过去动作（经历或结果）。
📐 规则 Rules
一般现在时
I work / She works — habits, facts: Water boils at 100°C.
I work / She works — 习惯、事实：水在100°C沸腾。
现在进行时
am/is/are + -ing — now: She is reading now.
am/is/are + -ing — 现在：她正在看书。
现在完成时
have/has + past participle — experience/result: I have seen that film.
have/has + 过去分词 — 经历/结果：我看过那部电影。
✏️ 例句 Examples
She works in a hospital.
她在医院工作。
They are playing football right now.
他们现在正在踢足球。
I have finished my homework.
我已经做完作业了。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ She work every day → third person -s: She works.❌ 第三人称单数加 -s：She works。
❌ I am knowing him → know is a state verb; I know him.❌ know 是状态动词，不用进行时。
03-02
Past Tenses
过去时💡 概念 Concept
Simple past = finished actions at a known time. Past continuous = background or interrupted action. Past perfect = an event before another past event.一般过去时表过去某时完成的动作；过去进行时表背景或被中断的动作；过去完成时表【过去的过去】。
📐 规则 Rules
一般过去时
verb + -ed / irregular: I visited Paris in 2024.
动词过去式：我2024年去过巴黎。
过去进行时
was/were + -ing: I was sleeping when you called.
was/were + -ing：你打电话时我在睡觉。
过去完成时
had + past participle: The train had left before I arrived.
had + 过去分词：我到达前火车已开走。
✏️ 例句 Examples
We watched a movie last night.
我们昨晚看了一部电影。
She was cooking when the phone rang.
电话响时她正在做饭。
By the time we arrived, the show had started.
我们到达时演出已经开始了。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I have seen him yesterday → yesterday needs simple past: I saw him yesterday.❌ yesterday 用一般过去时：I saw him yesterday。
❌ He didn't went → did + base form: He didn't go.❌ did 后用原形：He didn't go。
03-03
Future Forms
将来时💡 概念 Concept
will = prediction or decision at the moment of speaking. be going to = plan or evidence. Present continuous = arranged future.will 表预测或当场决定；be going to 表计划或有迹象的将来；现在进行时表已安排的将来。
📐 规则 Rules
will
will + base — prediction/spontaneous: I'll help you.
will + 原形 — 预测/临时决定：我来帮你。
going to
be going to + base — plan/evidence: It's going to rain.
be going to + 原形 — 计划/迹象：要下雨了。
进行时表将来
present continuous — arrangement: We are flying to Tokyo tomorrow.
现在进行时 — 安排：我们明天飞东京。
✏️ 例句 Examples
I think it will be sunny tomorrow.
我想明天会是晴天。
She is going to study abroad next year.
她打算明年出国留学。
The meeting is starting at 3 p.m.
会议下午三点开始。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I will going to → choose one: will go or am going to go.❌ 两种将来式不要混用。
❌ after if/when, no will: If it rains (not will rain).❌ if/when 从句用现在时：If it rains...
03-04
Perfect Tenses
完成时💡 概念 Concept
Present perfect connects past to now (since/for, experience, result). Past simple is for finished time (yesterday, ago). Past perfect puts one past event before another.现在完成时连接过去与现在（since/for、经历、结果）；一般过去时用于已结束的时间（yesterday、ago）；过去完成时表示先于另一过去事件。
📐 规则 Rules
现在完成时
have/has + pp — unfinished time: I have lived here since 2020.
have/has + 过去分词 — 时间未结束：我从2020年起住在这里。
一般过去时
finished time: I lived in London in 2019.
时间已结束：我2019年住在伦敦。
过去完成时
had + pp — earlier past: She had finished before I called.
had + 过去分词 — 更早的过去：我打电话前她已做完。
✏️ 例句 Examples
I have known her for five years.
我认识她五年了。
He visited the museum three years ago.
他三年前参观过博物馆。
They had already left when we got there.
我们到那里时他们已经离开了。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I have seen him yesterday → ago/yesterday = simple past.❌ ago/yesterday 用一般过去时。
❌ since three years → for + duration: for three years.❌ since 接起点，for 接时长：for three years。
03-05
Continuous Forms
进行时💡 概念 Concept
Continuous forms add the idea of progress, duration, or a temporary situation. They are built with be + -ing.进行时表达进行、持续或暂时状态，结构为 be + -ing。
📐 规则 Rules
现在进行时
am/is/are + -ing: The kids are sleeping.
am/is/are + -ing：孩子们在睡觉。
过去进行时
was/were + -ing: I was reading at 8 p.m.
was/were + -ing：晚上八点我在读书。
状态动词
State verbs (know, like, own) rarely take continuous: I like it.
状态动词（know、like、own）一般不用进行时。
✏️ 例句 Examples
It is raining outside.
外面正在下雨。
She was working when I saw her.
我看见她时她正在工作。
I'm staying with friends this week.
这周我暂住在朋友家。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I am understanding → understand is a state verb: I understand.❌ understand 是状态动词，不用进行时。
❌ She is work → missing -ing: She is working.❌ 进行时缺 -ing。
03-06
Tense Contrast
时态对比💡 概念 Concept
Time clues decide the tense: yesterday/last week/ago → past simple; since/for/already/yet/ever → present perfect; at the moment/look! → continuous; every day/usually → simple present.时间信号词决定时态：yesterday/last week/ago 用一般过去时；since/for/already/yet/ever 用现在完成时；at the moment/look! 用进行时；every day/usually 用一般现在时。
📐 规则 Rules
过去信号词
yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2020
yesterday、last night、two days ago、in 2020
完成时信号词
since, for, already, yet, ever, never, just
since、for、already、yet、ever、never、just
进行时信号词
now, at the moment, look!, listen!
now、at the moment、look!、listen!
✏️ 例句 Examples
She has already finished her report.
她已经完成了报告。
We watched TV last night.
我们昨晚看电视了。
Look! The baby is smiling.
看！宝宝在笑。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I already finished (no time frame, focus on result) → I have already finished.❌ already 表结果关联，用现在完成时。
❌ She has gone to Beijing yesterday → yesterday 用过去时：She went to Beijing yesterday.❌ yesterday 与完成时冲突。
03-07
Narrative Tenses
叙事时态💡 概念 Concept
In stories: past simple = main events; past continuous = background; past perfect = earlier events. This creates a clear timeline.讲故事时：一般过去时表主要事件；过去进行时表背景；过去完成时表更早发生的事。这样时间线清晰。
📐 规则 Rules
主事件
past simple: He opened the door.
一般过去时：他打开门。
背景
past continuous: The sun was shining.
过去进行时：阳光明媚。
更早事件
past perfect: She had already eaten.
过去完成时：她已经吃过了。
✏️ 例句 Examples
When I arrived, everyone was dancing and the music had already started.
我到达时，大家都在跳舞，音乐已经开始了。
He was walking home when he met an old friend.
他走回家时遇到了一位老朋友。
After we had finished dinner, we watched a film.
吃完晚饭后，我们看了一部电影。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ Mixing tenses without time clues confuses the reader.❌ 无时间线索地乱换时态会让读者困惑。
❌ He was walking home when he was meeting a friend → main event uses simple past: met.❌ 被打断的主事件用一般过去时：met。
03-08
Production and Editing
综合运用与改错💡 概念 Concept
When writing, first fix the timeline, then check every verb: correct form, correct tense, consistent perspective.写作时先确定时间线，再逐一检查动词：形式正确、时态正确、视角一致。
📐 规则 Rules
时间线优先
Decide: is the time now, past, or future? Then pick the tense family.
先判断时间是现在、过去还是将来，再选时态。
一致性
Keep the same tense within one paragraph unless time shifts.
同一段内保持时态一致，除非时间发生变化。
✏️ 例句 Examples
❌ I go to the store yesterday and bought milk. → I went to the store yesterday and bought milk.
❌ 昨天应统一用过去时：I went...
❌ She has lived here since three years. → She has lived here for three years.
❌ for 接时长：for three years。
✔ Every morning I drink coffee, and today I am drinking tea.
✔ 习惯用一般现在时，今天的情况用进行时。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I didn't saw → did + base: I didn't see.❌ did 后用原形：I didn't see。
❌ She have gone → has for third person singular: She has gone.❌ 第三人称单数用 has。
PR
课堂练习 Practice
选自 GramLingo 题库Q1She ___ to work by bus every day.
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Q2She ___ in London since 2019.
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Q3I ___ this book for weeks; still on chapter 3.
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