F-01
Nouns
名词💡 概念 Concept
A noun is a word that names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. Quick test: if you can put a, an or the in front of a word — or make it plural — it is almost always a noun.名词是表示人、地点、事物或想法的词。快速检验：如果某个词前面可以加 a / an / the，或者可以变成复数，它通常就是名词。
📐 规则 Rules
人
Anna, teacher, doctor, friend
Anna、老师、医生、朋友
地点
school, park, Shanghai, office
学校、公园、上海、办公室
事物与想法
book, music, freedom, happiness
书、音乐、自由、幸福
检验法
a book / an apple / the sun → 名词
a book / an apple / the sun → 名词
✏️ 例句 Examples
The teacher reads a book in the park.
老师正在公园里读书。
Music brings me happiness.
音乐带给我快乐。
Anna is my best friend.
安娜是我最好的朋友。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I like the beautiful. → Use a noun: I like beauty / beautiful things.❌ 形容词不能直接当名词：应说 I like beauty（我喜欢美）或 beautiful things（美丽的事物）。
❌ He has two cat. → Make the noun plural: He has two cats.❌ 复数名词要加 s：He has two cats.（他有两只猫。）
F-02
Verbs
动词💡 概念 Concept
A verb says what the subject does or is. Every sentence needs one. Verbs can change their form to show time: walk, walked, will walk.动词说明主语做什么或是什么。每个句子都离不开动词。动词会随时间变化：walk（走）、walked（走过）、will walk（将走）。
📐 规则 Rules
动作
run, eat, play, write, study
跑、吃、玩、写、学习
状态
be, like, have, think, feel
是、喜欢、有、想、感觉
句子核心
Every sentence has a verb: Birds sing.
每个句子都有动词：Birds sing.（鸟儿歌唱。）
✏️ 例句 Examples
I play football after school.
我放学后踢足球。
She likes music very much.
她非常喜欢音乐。
We are in the same class.
我们在同一个班。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ I am agree with you. → be + verb is wrong here: I agree with you.❌ agree 是动词，前面不要再加 am：I agree with you.（我同意你。）
❌ He can to swim. → After can, use the verb without to: He can swim.❌ can 后面用动词原形，不加 to：He can swim.（他会游泳。）
F-03
Adjectives
形容词💡 概念 Concept
An adjective describes a noun — what something is like. It usually goes before the noun, or after be (am / is / are / was / were).形容词描写名词，说明事物是什么样的。它通常放在名词前面，或放在 be 动词（am / is / are…）后面。
📐 规则 Rules
名词之前
a red apple, a big house, a happy child
一个红苹果、一座大房子、一个快乐的孩子
be 之后
The apple is red. She is happy.
苹果是红的。她很快乐。
检验法
very + 形容词：very big, very delicious
very + 形容词：非常大、非常美味
✏️ 例句 Examples
It is a beautiful sunny day.
今天是美丽晴朗的一天。
The soup smells delicious.
这汤闻起来很香。
My little brother is very clever.
我的小弟弟非常聪明。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ She is a girl beautiful. → Adjectives come before nouns: a beautiful girl.❌ 形容词放在名词前：a beautiful girl（一个美丽的女孩）。
❌ The soup is deliciously. → After is, use the adjective: delicious.❌ is 后面用形容词：The soup is delicious.（汤很美味。）
F-04
Adverbs
副词💡 概念 Concept
An adverb describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Many adverbs end in -ly (quickly, slowly), but some do not: fast, well, hard, early.副词修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词。许多副词以 -ly 结尾（quickly 快速地），也有一些不加 -ly：fast（快）、well（好）、hard（努力）、early（早）。
📐 规则 Rules
修饰动词
She sings beautifully. He runs fast.
她唱得很好听。他跑得很快。
修饰形容词
very good, really tired, extremely hot
非常好、真的很累、极其炎热
常见 -ly
quickly, slowly, carefully, happily
快速地、缓慢地、仔细地、开心地
不规则
fast, well, hard, early, late
快、好、努力、早、晚
✏️ 例句 Examples
Please speak slowly and clearly.
请说慢一点、清楚一点。
She dances very well.
她跳舞跳得很好。
He works hard every day.
他每天都很努力地工作。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ He runs very fastly. → fast has no -ly form: He runs very fast.❌ fast 不加 -ly：He runs very fast.（他跑得很快。）
❌ She sings beautiful. → To describe a verb, use the adverb: beautifully.❌ 修饰动词要用副词：She sings beautifully.（她唱得很好听。）
F-05
Pronouns
代词💡 概念 Concept
A pronoun replaces a noun so we do not repeat it. Subject pronouns do the action: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. Object pronouns receive the action: me, you, him, her, it, us, them.代词用来代替名词，避免重复。主格代词做动作：I、you、he、she、it、we、they；宾格代词接受动作：me、you、him、her、it、us、them。
📐 规则 Rules
主语位置
I like tea. She is my teacher.
我喜欢茶。她是我的老师。
宾语位置
Please help me. I called him yesterday.
请帮帮我。我昨天给他打了电话。
指人用 he / she
Anna → she; Tom → he
安娜 → she；汤姆 → he
指物用 it
The phone is new. It is black.
这部手机是新的。它是黑色的。
✏️ 例句 Examples
My friend and I often play basketball.
我和我的朋友经常打篮球。
This is Lisa. I know her very well.
这是丽莎。我跟她很熟。
The cat is hungry. Please feed it.
猫饿了，请喂喂它。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ Me and Tom went to the park. → In the subject position, use I last: Tom and I went to the park.❌ 主语位置用 I，且把自己放后面：Tom and I went to the park.（汤姆和我去了公园。）
❌ Please give the book to I. → After to, use the object form: to me.❌ to 后面用宾格：Please give the book to me.（请把书给我。）
F-06
Word Classes at Work
词性大协作💡 概念 Concept
A sentence is a team. The subject (noun or pronoun) does the action, the verb carries the action, adjectives dress up nouns, and adverbs dress up verbs.句子是一个团队：主语（名词或代词）发出动作，动词承载动作，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词。
📐 规则 Rules
主语
noun / pronoun: The dog, She
名词或代词：那只狗、她
谓语
verb: runs, sings
动词：跑、唱
修饰名词
adjective before noun: a happy dog
形容词放在名词前：一只快乐的狗
修饰动词
adverb after verb: runs quickly
副词修饰动词：跑得很快
✏️ 例句 Examples
The happy dog runs quickly.
那只快乐的小狗跑得很快。（the + 形容词 happy + 名词 dog + 动词 runs + 副词 quickly）
My little sister sings sweetly.
我的小妹妹唱得很甜。
We study English carefully every day.
我们每天认真地学英语。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ Is raining. → Every sentence needs a subject: It is raining.❌ 句子不能没有主语：It is raining.（正在下雨。）
❌ I very like pizza. → very cannot touch the verb here: I like pizza very much.❌ very 一般不直接修饰动词：I like pizza very much.（我非常喜欢披萨。）