F-01
my / your / his / her
形容词性物主代词💡 概念 Concept
Possessive adjectives always come before a noun and say who it belongs to: my, your, his, her, its, our, their. They do not change with singular or plural nouns.形容词性物主代词永远放在名词前，说明归属：my、your、his、her、its、our、their。单复数名词前都用同一个词。
📐 规则 Rules
对应人称
I → my; you → your; he → his; she → her; it → its; we → our; they → their
我→我的；你→你的；他→他的；她→她的；它→它的；我们→我们的；他们→他们的
看所有者
Anna's book → her book; Tom's bike → his bike
东西属于安娜 → her；属于汤姆 → his
its 用于物
The dog wagged its tail.
狗摇了摇它的尾巴。
✏️ 例句 Examples
This is my phone.
这是我的手机。
Her name is Lily and his name is Leo.
她叫莉莉，他叫利奥。
Our school is very big.
我们的学校很大。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ This is I book. → Before a noun, use my, not I: This is my book.❌ “我的书”用 my：This is my book.（这是我的书。）
❌ She mother is a doctor. → Use her: Her mother is a doctor.❌ “她的妈妈”用 her：Her mother is a doctor.（她妈妈是医生。）
❌ The dog is licking it's bowl. → its = 它的；it's = it is❌ 表示“它的”用 its，it's 是 it is：The dog is licking its bowl.（狗在舔它的碗。）
F-02
mine / yours / hers
名词性物主代词💡 概念 Concept
Possessive pronouns stand alone and mean 'my one / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs'. No noun follows them. This book is mine = This is my book.名词性物主代词单独使用，意思是“我的（那个）”，后面不再跟名词：mine、yours、his、hers、ours、theirs。This book is mine 就等于 This is my book。
📐 规则 Rules
对应
my → mine; your → yours; her → hers; our → ours; their → theirs（his 不变）
my→mine；your→yours；her→hers；our→ours；their→theirs（his 不变）
后面无名词
It's mine. (= my phone)
它是我的。（= 我的手机）
问归属
Whose is this? → It's hers.
这是谁的？→ 是她的。
✏️ 例句 Examples
This umbrella is mine.
这把伞是我的。
The blue car is theirs.
那辆蓝色的车是他们的。
Is this pen yours or his?
这支笔是你的还是他的？
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ This is my. → With no noun after it, use mine: This is mine.❌ 后面没有名词时用 mine：This is mine.（这是我的。）
❌ The bag is her. → Use hers: The bag is hers.❌ 单独作表语用 hers：The bag is hers.（这个包是她的。）
F-03
's 所有格
名词所有格 's💡 概念 Concept
For people and animals, add 's to show ownership: Anna's book, my brother's bike. For regular plurals, just add an apostrophe: my parents' house. For irregular plurals, keep 's: children's toys.表示人或动物的所属，加 's：Anna's book（安娜的书）。规则复数只加撇号：my parents' house（我父母的房子）。不规则复数仍加 's：children's toys（孩子们的玩具）。
📐 规则 Rules
单数 + 's
Anna's book; Tom's bag; the dog's bowl
安娜的书；汤姆的包；狗的碗
复数 + '
my parents' house; the students' books
我父母的房子；学生们的书
不规则复数 + 's
children's toys; men's shoes
孩子们的玩具；男鞋
Whose?
Whose phone is this? → It's Lucy's.
这是谁的手机？→ 是露西的。
✏️ 例句 Examples
That is Tom's backpack.
那是汤姆的背包。
My grandparents' garden is beautiful.
我爷爷奶奶的花园很漂亮。
Whose glasses are these? They're Mr. Wang's.
这是谁的眼镜？是王老师的。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ Annas book is new. → Need the apostrophe: Anna's book❌ 撇号不能省：Anna's book（安娜的书）。
❌ my parents's house → Regular plural takes only ': my parents' house❌ 规则复数只加撇号：my parents' house（我父母的房子）。
❌ Its Tom's car. → It's (= it is) Tom's car.❌ 这里表示“它是”，写 It's：It's Tom's car.（这是汤姆的车。）
F-04
易混点辨析
容易混淆的对💡 概念 Concept
Some pairs look alike but work differently. Train yourself to see which job the word is doing: my = adjective + noun; mine = pronoun alone. it's = it is; its = belonging to it. who's = who is; whose = belonging to whom.有些词长相接近，用法完全不同。训练自己看它们在句中的职责：my 后面跟名词；mine 单独用。it's = it is；its = 它的。who's = who is；whose = 谁的。
📐 规则 Rules
my vs mine
my book（后面有名词）vs This book is mine（无名词）
my book（后面有名词）vs This book is mine（没有名词）
his / her 双职
his book / it's his; her book / it's hers
his、her 可作形容词也可单独用（his 不变，her 变 hers）
it's vs its
It's rainy. (= it is) · its name (= 它的)
It's rainy（= it is）· its name（它的名字）
whose vs who's
Whose bag is this? · Who's at the door? (= who is)
Whose bag?（谁的包）· Who's at the door?（谁在门口？）
✏️ 例句 Examples
It's my turn. This seat is yours.
轮到我了。这个座位是你的。
The company is proud of its history.
这家公司为自己的历史感到自豪。
Whose jacket is this? I think it's Ben's.
这是谁的夹克？我觉得是本（Ben）的。
⚠️ 常见错误 Common Mistakes
❌ Its raining outside. → it's = it is: It's raining outside.❌ “正在下雨”是 it is raining：It's raining outside.（外面在下雨。）
❌ Whose your teacher? → who's = who is: Who's your teacher?❌ 问“谁是”，用 Who's（who is）：Who's your teacher?（谁是你的老师？）
❌ This pen is your's. → No apostrophe: yours❌ yours 不加撇号：This pen is yours.（这支笔是你的。）